The study of surface wind field holds significant importance for understanding local climate, environmental meteorological conditions, and climate resource utilization. Hourly data from 23 automatic weather stations in Shenzhen, collected from 2013 to 2022, were analyzed to investigate the spatial distribution characteristics of surface wind in the region. The research results show that, affected by urbanization, the average annual wind in Shenzhen is mostly a soft and light wind of less than 2.0 m/s. Wind speed characteristics vary across regions with different development levels. On average, wind speed ranks as follows: coastal areas > inland areas, hills > plains, undeveloped areas > old urban areas > new urban areas. The average wind speed in urban areas remains relatively stable year by year, whereas an overall upward trend is observed in suburban areas. A probability distribution analysis of different wind speed ranges across old urban areas, new urban areas, and undeveloped regions reveals that their differences mainly appear in higher wind speed segments. The probability of high wind speeds is significantly higher in undeveloped areas, while the construction of new urban areas over the decade reduces the occurrence probability of wind speeds exceeding 3.0 m/s. Overall, compared the years from 2013 to 2017, an increase in southerly winds is observed in Shenzhen from 2018 to 2022, which correlates with the enhanced urban thermal effect leading to more frequent sea breezes.