The new energy photovoltaic industry plays a crucial role in achieving China's "dual-carbon" goals. The ecological environment of centralized photovoltaic construction sites in desert regions is fragile, necessitating the implementation of green construction practices. First, the existing challenges in green construction for centralized photovoltaic projects in deserts were identified and analyzed. A green construction evaluation system was established, taking into account carbon emission factors. Then, an evaluation method for green construction in centralized photovoltaic projects was proposed using the G1-entropy method and cloud model theory. The 900 MW photovoltaic project in Hami, Xinjiang was selected as a case study to evaluate green construction during the civil construction stage. Finally, countermeasures were explored in five key areas: pre-construction preparation, construction process control, ecological restoration, low-carbon construction in workers' living areas, and the adoption of new green construction technologies. The results indicate that the green construction evaluation system, developed by considering carbon emission factors, comprehensively covers the entire lifecycle of centralized photovoltaic construction in desert regions and enhances the green construction evaluation framework under the "dual-carbon" policy. The cloud model, combined with the G1-entropy weight method, integrates qualitative and quantitative attributes and enhances the reliability of evaluation results. Based on calculations, the green construction evaluation result for the civil construction stage is classified as "average," highlighting the need to strengthen the development of "innovative technology applications" in desert photovoltaic projects. Emphasizing new green construction technologies, particularly "innovative technology applications," innovative countermeasures are proposed for the entire construction process, including civil engineering, installation, and electrical engineering. This study further refines China's desert centralized photovoltaic green construction evaluation system and methodology, offering a reference framework for similar green construction projects.