To scientifically prevent surface fires in pine forests and gain deeper insights into their spread patterns, a combustible material model was established for pine forest surface fires using fire dynamics simulator (FDS) simulation software, based on the characteristics of fuel in Yunnan pine forests. The fire spread patterns were investigated by analyzing simulation results under three wind speeds (0, 3, 5 m/s) and three slopes (0°, 15°, 35°). The results indicate that at a 0° slope, under 0 m/s wind conditions, flame spread is relatively slow with moderate intensity, while at 5 m/s wind speed, flames rapidly engulf the entire combustible model, accompanies by a sharp rise in firefield temperature. With 0 m/s wind speed, as the slope increased from 0° to 35°, both flame spread rate and flame height increase significantly, along with a rise in average firefield temperature. At 0° slope, the fireline rate increases from 0.03 m/s under 0 m/s wind to 0.17 m/s under 5 m/s wind, representing a 463% enhancement. Under 0 m/s wind, increasing the slope from 0° to 35° elevates the fireline rate from 0.03 m/s to 0.11 m/s, a 239% increase. Notably, the enhancing effect of wind speed on the fireline rate is significantly greater than that of slope. These findings suggest that increased wind speed exerts a more pronounced influence on accelerating surface fire spread compared to slope. It is concluded that fire prevention and control strategies should prioritize the impact of wind speed on firefield temperature to optimize firefighting tactics and rescue measures.