In order to explore the influence of pore defects on the mechanical properties of concrete road and seek an equivalent model to replace porous concrete road to reduce computational time. Based on micromechanics methods, the effective elastic modulus, Poisson's ratio, coefficient of thermal conductivity and coefficient of thermal expansion of porous concrete were calculated. Three-dimensional double-layer concrete roads with randomly distributed, non-interference and varying sizes of spherical pores and their equivalent models were established to study their mechanical properties under three working conditions, namely, concentrated force, static vehicle load, and temperature-static vehicle load coupling, and further the simulation calculation time for each model was compared. The results show that under the coupling effect of temperature and static vehicle load, the increase of porosity has little effect on the temperature and displacement of porous concrete roads at the same depth and different times. Moreover, for the same porosity, the farther away from the pavement, the peak temperature shifts backward over time. When the porosity is within 8%, the actual porous model can be replaced by the Eshelby equivalent model, Mori-Tanaka equivalent model, or Self-Consistent equivalent model under concentrated force or static vehicle load, and by the equivalent model 2 under temperature-static vehicle load. With fixed computational power and constant porosity, the simulation time for the actual porous model far exceeds its equivalent model. Using equivalent models for research can significantly shorten the calculation time, and the computational efficiency can be approximately improved by about 99.8%.