Traditional robot localization and navigation methods in complex building environments are characterized by low accuracy, heavy reliance on sensors, and an inability to effectively address dynamic obstacles, making it challenging to achieve satisfactory results in practical applications. To address these issues, building information modeling (BIM) technology was introduced. BIM, with its geometric and semantic information, was utilized to assist robot localization and navigation in complex environments. More accurate environmental perception and optimal path planning were provided to robots, reducing the risk of collisions with environmental components and improving the accuracy and efficiency of task execution. The current status of BIM technology in robot localization, mapping, and path planning was compared, the advantages and challenges of its application in architectural environments were analyzed, and future prospects for its application in intelligent buildings and robotic intelligence were explored.