Due to inappropriate design parameters of the disc-shaped continuous tubing, pressure wave transmission signal attenuation may be larger, and the running effect of the test system may be poor. A three-dimensional model of the disc-shaped continuous tubing was established using the FLUENT software, and the simulation and experimental results were verified for the pressure wave attenuation ratio. An effective numerical model was obtained, and the influence of the structural and operational parameters of the disc-shaped continuous tubing on pressure wave transmission performance was studied. The pressure wave transmission law within the disc-shaped continuous tubing was revealed, and a third-order polynomial was fitted using the least squares method, obtaining the corresponding relationship between the structural and operational parameters and the pressure wave transmission attenuation rate. Finally, an improved WOA-BP neural network was established to predict the pressure wave transmission attenuation of the disc-shaped continuous tubing, with the maximum absolute error of 0.29%. The research results can provide theoretical guidance for the structural design and on-site application of long-distance water circulation test systems.