The mechanism of rock burst in tunnel surrounding rock under high stress environment is a cutting-edge topic that urgently needs to be studied and solved. To analyze the delayed failure characteristics of granite rock burst under different loading rates, a true triaxial rock burst test system was used to simulate the stress and boundary conditions of the rock mass on the free face after tunnel excavation in actual engineering. The time delay characteristics, mechanical properties, energy evolution, and acoustic emission characteristics of granite rock burst were studied by using a method of loading from three directions to six sides and fast unloading from one side. The experimental results show that granite samples exhibit varying "time effects" during the true triaxial compression failure process, according to the length of time, they can be divided into "no obvious time effect" "weak time effect" and "strong time effect" rock samples. At the same stress loading rate, the difference between the stable stress and peak stress of rock samples with time delay is relatively small, the elastic modulus of rock samples with time delay is generally greater than that of rock samples without time delay, and the stronger the time delay, the greater the elastic modulus of the rock sample. At different stress loading rates, the peak stress of the rock sample at low loading rates is lower than the corresponding value at high loading rates. Under different stress loading rates, the failure strength of granite samples with the same time delay increases with the increase of loading rate. The energy curve trends of granite samples with the same time delay are generally similar. There are significant differences in the acoustic emission(AE) impact rate variation characteristics of different time delayed rock samples during their stress loading process, the acoustic emission activity inside the rock sample with time delay is more intense during its initial compaction stage and linear elastic stage. The research results can provide favorable reference and assistance for early warning of rock burst disasters in practical engineering.