According to the fault data of a certain type EMU traction system in China in 2022, the location and frequency distribution of key faulty equipment were analyzed, and the impact duration caused by various failure problems was counted. These two are combined as the spatio-temporal characteristics of EMU traction system faults. The distribution model was selected to compare the duration distribution characteristics of various faults, and the K-S test method was used to analyze the fitting effects. The results show that the fault influence time of pantograph, traction converter and roof high-voltage cable is the most suitable for the logistic distribution model fitting, while the lognormal distribution is most suitable for the traction transformer, main circuit breaker and traction motor. It is of great significance to predict the failure time of EMU traction system, point out the optimization direction of system equipment maintenance, and improve the efficiency of train operation and scheduling.