As an important part of the urban infrastructure, the safety of urban underground pipelines greatly affects people's daily production and lives. To achieve accurate maintenance of urban underground pipelines, it is urgent to study the pipe-soil interaction under traffic load. A three-dimensional numerical model of the load-pipe-soil system was established, the behavior of pipe-soil interaction was analyzed and the degree of influence of each factor quantitatively was evaluated by comprehensively considering the type of load, type of soil, material of the pipeline, and depth of pipe burial. The pipe-soil interaction was analyzed, and the influence of each factor was quantitatively evaluated. The survey results indicate that dynamic load has a significant effect on the deformation characteristics of buried pipelines and soil under shallow burial conditions, and the pavement structure and the depth of the pipeline increase the deformation capacity of both the pipeline and the soil. The presence of the buried pipeline enhances the deformation capacity of the soil compared to the scenario without a pipeline. The sensitivity of each factor is determined through multivariate linear analysis. The research results can guide the design, burial, and maintenance of urban pipelines.