In order to improve the security performance of civil aviation security personnel, the relationship between security personnel's hazard perception ability and security performance under different factors was explored. Based on the fuzzy signal detection theory(FSDT), the discriminability and judgment criterion were used as indicators to measure the hazard perception ability of security personnel. A mixed experimental design of 2 (experience: novice, veteran) × 2 (time pressure: no time limit, time limit) × 2 (probability of occurrence of contraband: high, low) was employed to examine the impact of experience, time pressure, and probability of contraband on the hazard perception ability of security personnel. The results indicate that experience and time pressure significantly impact security performance, while the main effect of contraband probability on security performance is not significant. Experience has a notable effect on fuzzy discriminability and fuzzy judgment criterion, with veterans demonstrating higher overall hazard perception ability than novices. Additionally, a time limit reduces the discriminating power of security personnel under low contraband probability but improves fuzzy judgment criterion standards under high contraband probability. Attaching importance to security skills training, setting reasonable search time and conveyor speed can effectively improve security personnel's hazard perception ability and ensure aviation safety.