CO₂ flooding is one of the most effective technical means to improve the recovery of low permeability reservoirs. However, the injected CO₂ will cause asphaltene precipitation in crude oil, resulting in the decrease of reservoir permeability and the change of reservoir heterogeneity. In order to clarify the effect of asphaltene differential precipitation on the heterogeneity of low permeability reservoirs under different pressure conditions, a low permeability reservoir in Jilin Oilfield was taken as the research object. Through the CO₂ long core displacement experiment, the CO₂ displacement characteristics under different pressures were clarified. At the same time, combined with the test results of crude oil and core properties, the changes of crude oil asphaltene content and reservoir properties before and after displacement under different pressure conditions were analyzed, and the distribution law of asphaltene precipitation was further clarified. The results show that under immiscible conditions, the degree of crude oil recovery is low, only 55.11%. The asphaltene precipitation increases first and then decreases with the increase of displacement distance. CO₂ mainly displaces the large pore throat crude oil, and the asphaltene precipitation also mainly occurs in the high permeability area, thus inhibiting the reservoir heterogeneity. Under miscible conditions, the degree of crude oil recovery is high, up to 81.84%. Asphaltene precipitation increases with the increase of displacement distance. CO₂ can displace small pore throat crude oil. Asphaltene precipitation occurs in high permeability and low permeability areas, but low permeability areas are greatly affected, and reservoir heterogeneity is further strengthened.