Limited by the communication environment of ocean navigation, Beidou short message communication has become an important means for transmitting oceanic meteorological disaster information. There are limitations in the communication length and frequency of Beidou short messages. To cope with these constraints and ensure the reliable transmission of marine meteorological products within the limited communication length, a compression coding method for meteorological products based on Beidou-3 short messages was proposed. This method achieved data compression by narrowing the range of data, representing fixed decimal floating-point numbers with integers, and using numerical conventions to replace them. Furthermore, a compression algorithm for the affected area of meteorological products was proposed, which, while retaining the important angles of the polygonal affected area, reduced the number of points representing the area by eliminating unnecessary points, thus further compressing the product's affected area. Finally, by defining the downlink and uplink codes for various products using Beidou short message technology, the transmission of meteorological products via Beidou-3 short messages was achieved. The results indicate that the compression coding method for meteorological products achieves a data compression rate between 30% and 60%. On the basis of ensuring product accuracy, it ensures that the product is sent within a single data packet, which demonstrates good compression effects. This method has been practically applied in marine meteorological service operations and meets the transmission requirements of marine meteorological products.