Due to the high calorific value of energetic materials combined with their flammable and explosive nature. The propagation in the tube will affect the shape and geometric dimensions of the tube, resulting in the propagation of detonations is affected. In order to deeply investigate the influence of annular perturbation on the propagation of detonation waves, accurately and clearly observe the propagation dynamics of the detonation wave in annular tube, and better reflect the influence of boundary layer effect and curvature tube wall on detonation waves. An annular disturbance detonation experimental device was built up. Annular disturbance was realized by adding disturbance tubes with different diameters to the end of the smooth circular tube. The detonation wave velocity, triple-point trajectory, and cell structure were observed by using a data acquisition system composed of pressure sensors and smoke films. The experimental system of annular disturbance detonation was constructed successfully. It was able to obtain the ideal propagation data with remarkable regularity and high reliability. After verification, the detonation experimental device built has excellent data acquisition capabilities, and the obtained data confirms that the device is scientific and effective. The experimental system built contributes to providing theoretical support for accident prevention and control, allowing scientific instruments to play a more significant role in supporting technological innovation and societal development.