Exploration and development of resources in the international seabed area has become an important arena for political, economic, technological, and military competition among countries. Based on the current status of China's exploration and development of international seabed resources, the importance of seabed resource exploration and development was emphasized. Secondly, the current situation of China's policy, technology development and international participation in this field were analyzed. Then, challenges were identified such as insufficient independent innovation capabilities, lack of cooperation platforms, scarcity of talent, and shortcomings in the ability to safeguard deep-sea rights and interests. By reviewing the experiences of Norway and Japan in seabed resource development, countermeasures to enhance the level of China's seabed resource exploration and development are proposed.