At present, the renovation of old residential areas is in a comprehensive promotion stage. Building a systematic and scientific external space renovation system for old residential areas is of great significance for promoting the renovation of old residential areas, improving the quality of life of residents, and optimizing urban image. A comprehensive transformation system covering five criteria layers and twenty-three subcategories was organized and constructed based on a literature review and keyword clustering analysis. Secondly, the weights of various renovation elements from different perspectives were quantitatively analyzed using a questionnaire survey and analytic hierarchy process. At the standard level, residents pay more attention to facility renovation and improving community service quality, with evaluation weights of 0.256 9 and 0.223 1, respectively. Planning and design management personnel pay more attention to transportation and environmental renovation, with evaluation weights of 0.238 2 and 0.231 7, respectively. The factor layer weights indicate that all entities emphasize the importance of landscape greening, activity space quality, environmental sanitation facilities, and facade renovation, which should be given special attention in the external space renovation of old residential areas.