The utilization of offshore floating photovoltaic has became a hotspot in major coastal countries in complex marine environment. Offshore floating photovoltaic is currently in the phase of the experimental and pilot test. In order to explore the main components and current technological status of offshore floating photovoltaic technology, and to assist in the large-scale and commercial development of offshore floating photovoltaic in China, by sorting out the main components of offshore floating photovoltaic, based on the research and application status of offshore floating photovoltaic at home and abroad, focusing on the structural types of floating platforms, and analyzing the characteristics of various types of floating platforms. The results reveal that the maturity level of zero-gap and non-zero-gap floating platform concepts is not high, and the novel body materials should be considered to reduce engineering costs. The electrical equipment that is suitable for the complex marine environment needs to be further improved. The business modes of integrating floating solar power with other marine scenarios should be actively developed. The strategy, security, and means of operation and maintenance need to be given special attention. The research aims to provide the current status and challenges of key technologies, and offer reference experience and research directions for the development and design of offshore floating photovoltaic.