Aiming at the problem of high-precision, high-speed and efficient temperature control caused by multi-point measurement and asymmetric heating condition of input and output, a new algorithm (IGRO-FuzzyN-PID) based on IGRO-PID and multi-layer fuzzy nested algorithm was proposed. Simulation results show that IGRO algorithm is superior to CPO (crested porcupine optimizer）、IPSO(improved particle swarm optimization）、COA(crayfish optimization algorithm）、GA(genetic algorithm) in PID control system. Simulation and experimental results show that compared with the IGRO-PID algorithm, the overshoot, steady-state error and average error of the IGRO-FuzzyN-PID algorithm are optimally increased by 70.91%, 70.69%, 82.35% and 86.89%, 76.23%, 86.56% under symmetric and asymmetric input and output conditions. It is proved that the proposed algorithm meets the control requirements of high precision, high speed and high efficiency under symmetric and asymmetric input and output conditions.