In order to investigate the aging mechanism of high dosage rubber powder modified asphalt, with the help of 20%, 25% and 30% of three different dosages of rubber asphalt, using four-component analysis experiment and infrared spectroscopy experiment, evaluation of aging rubber asphalt four-component indexes change, and analyze the chemical composition and functional group changes before and after aging, through the comparative study, to reveal high dosage rubber powder modified asphalt aging mechanism under different aging conditions. The aging mechanism of high doped rubber powder modified asphalt under different aging conditions was revealed through comparative study. The results show that: the aging of high dosage rubber powder modified asphalt components more significant. 20% dosage, the saturation fraction, aromatic fraction and gum decreased by 4.4%, 3.4%, 4.3%, respectively, asphaltene increased by 117.7%; 25% dosage of rubber asphalt saturation fraction decreased by 5.0%, the aromatic fraction decreased by 8.4%, gum decreased by 4.9%, asphaltene increased by 119.3%, and 30% dosage, the decrease is greater, respectively, 7.4%, 9.5%, 6.0%, asphaltene increased to 128.9%; aging process, high dosage of rubber powder modified asphalt has less mass loss, the combination of light components of the asphalt and cracked rubber binding reduces the light component activity and enhances the resistance to aging; high dosage of modified asphalt in the aging conditions of carbonyl and sulfoxide group index growth is more significant, which may lead to a decline in the performance of the The compatibility of rubber and asphalt is more susceptible to aging, which is manifested by more intense vulcanization phenomena and changes in molecular chain cross-linking. The research results provide theoretical support for the aging mechanism of rubber asphalt, and for the practical application and maintenance of high dosage of rubber powder asphalt pavement, which is of great significance to improve the performance of rubber asphalt pavement.