To investigate the mechanism and influencing factors of soil heating with coupled in situ thermal technology, a two-dimensional experimental setup was used to simulate the heat treatment process, and the effects of coupled steam injection on thermal conductive heating as well as the effects of steam injection rate and heating mode on the application of the thermal conductive heating and steam injection technology were investigated. The results show that coupling steam injection on the basis of thermal conductive heating treatment can accelerate heat transfer, reduce heat loss, shorten the heating time by 35.67%, and reduce energy consumption by 24.53%. The main mechanism of steam injection enhanced heating is as follows. The additional heat injection increases the temperature difference, which in turn enhances convective heat transfer in the liquid phase driven by buoyancy. The upward migration of steam under buoyancy or pressure to enhance convective heat transfer in the gas phase. In thermal conductive heating and steam injection treatment, changing the steam injection rate or heating mode had a small effect on the treatment energy consumption, increasing the steam flow rate from 0.18 to 0.54 kg/h can shorten the heating time by 22.05%, but increase the water consumption by 132.43%. Compared with the thermal conductive heating and steam injection heated at the same time, thermal conductive heating heated for 30 min and then coupled with steam injection can reduce the water consumption by 28.57%, but will extend the heating time by 3.84%. In engineering applications, suitable restoration solutions should be selected based on duration, cost, etc.