The explosive popularity of the new generation of artificial intelligence technologies will profoundly impact the risk experience of perceptual subjects within risk societies. Factor analysis and multiple indicators and multiple causes (MIMIC) model were used to study 12 risk scenarios of generative AI, besides four indicators reflecting the public's risk perception and five dimensions affecting the public's risk perception were explored. The results show that the public's perception of the risks of generative AI can be reflected by expectations of safety, technology, user and corporate regulatory. The public's risk perception is affected by its subjective evaluation of technology risks, macro risks, equity risks, subject risks and application risks, among which both equity risks and macro risks have the most significant impact. It shows that the public's risk perception of generative artificial intelligence is mainly characterized by "self-oriented" and "precautionary". On this basis, the public's risk perception of generative artificial intelligence from the perspectives of history and culture, risk communication and technology governance was analyzed further, and corresponding countermeasures was put forward.