Forest fires have the characteristics of strong suddenness, great destructiveness, many uncertain factors and high risk of fighting. In order to study effective strategies of firefighting, firstly, based on the theory of cellular automata, the forest fire system was analyzed, and a forest fire model considering external factors such as wind and flame retardant was established. Then, on this basis, the fire-fighting agent was modeled and correlated with the forest fire model, so as to build the fire-fighting model. Finally, the simulation algorithm based on cellular automata was designed to simulate the effect of fire-fighting strategies under the influence of different environmental factors, and the effect of different fire force allocation strategies. The results show that the method can combine fire-fighting simulation with actual decision making, and provide visualized and quantified strategy scheme for relevant departments to make fire-fighting decision, which is helpful to reduce forest fire loss and rescue cost.