To enhance the safety monitoring of power transmission lines, the distributed fiber Bragg grating array sensing technology was employed to measure the dynamic motion characteristics of optical power ground wire (OPGW) cables in laboratory conditions. The results show that this technology can effectively monitor the dynamic behavior of OPGW under simulated aeolian vibrations and galloping states, clearly recording various vibration patterns. The experimental data reveal that by increasing the spatial density of the grating array sensors and reducing the system's low-frequency phase drift, the monitoring performance can be further enhanced. It is evident that the distributed vibration sensing technology based on fiber Bragg grating arrays provides a novel technical approach for the distributed dynamic structural health monitoring of OPGW cables.