Proppant performance is very important to the hydraulic fracturing design of unconventional oil and gas reservoirs. Few scholars have studied the micro performance parameters of proppant in terms of particle size and shape. The effect of particle size and shape on proppant breakage rate and fracture conductivity in shale gas reservoir was quantitatively characterized through laboratory experiments. The results show that when the closing pressure is lower than 28 MPa, the same type of proppant with uniform particle size and high spherical degree is compared with the proppant with poor sorting, the crushing rate is reduced by 15% and the fracture conductivity is increased by 10%. When the closing pressure exceeds the compressive strength of the proppant, the well-separated proppant can maintain the fracture conductivity better as the flow channel is further blocked by the debris generated by the broken proppant. The experimental results provide a reference for in-situ fracturing design of shale formation, improving the quality control level of downhole materials and selecting proppant.