In order to promote the green, low-carbon and high-quality development of rural areas in western Inner Mongolia, the data collected from the survey and literature was combined, the energy consumption of farmhouses was jointly simulated through DeST and Trnsys software, single factor analysis was carried out, the orthogonal test method was used to obtain multiple schemes, and the gray fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method based on random forest algorithm was used to comprehensively optimize the enclosure structure and heating system, and selected the most suitable green and low-carbon farmhouse scheme in western Inner Mongolia. The results show that the optimal scheme of green and low-carbon farmhouses in western Inner Mongolia is as follows: the building is facing north and south, the floor height is 3.4 m, the ground is 20 mm polystyrene extruded polystyrene board(XPS) thermal insulation tile floor, the roof is 120 mm expanded polystyrene foam board(EPS) insulation board inverted concrete block roof, the external wall is 160 mm polystyrene extruded polystyrene board(XPS) insulation board external insulation concrete block wall, the external window is 6C + 12Ar + 6C 6 mm double-layer ordinary glass inert gas plastic steel window, the south-facing window-to-wall ratio is 0.5, the north-facing window-to-wall ratio is 0.5, and the sunlight depth is 1.2 m. The material of the sunshine room is 6C + 12Ar + 6C 6 mm double-layer inert gas ordinary glass + plastic steel window frame + thermal insulation curtains, and the wind power generation efficiency is 45%. The heating energy consumption of the optimal scheme is 2 661.15 kW·h, the average indoor temperature on the coldest day is 11.62 ℃, the carbon emission reduction is 10.02 t/a, the solar heat gain is 67 702.75 kW, and the net present value>0, which is economical and has a certain degree of popularization in the rural areas of western Inner Mongolia, providing a development direction for the green and low-carbon transformation of rural houses in western Inner Mongolia.