As industry and agriculture continue to evolve, the threat of organic contamination in groundwater to human health is gaining attention. Following the health risk assessment method recommended by the USEPA, and considering local natural geographical and hydrogeological conditions, organic pollutants in Zhuzhou City's groundwater were assessed. Using a health risk assessment model, non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks from three exposure pathways-drinking water, skin, and inhalation-were evaluated. Results show that key organic pollutants in Zhuzhou City's groundwater include dichloromethane, 1, 2-dichloroethylene, trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene, p,p′-DDE, and p,p′-DDD. Non-carcinogenic risks from these pollutants are below specified limits, but every sampling points exceed carcinogenic risk limits, with ZZS119 surpassing the maximum acceptable carcinogenic risk. Inhalation is the primary exposure pathway, contributing to approximately 81% of total risk. Tetrachloroethylene poses the highest carcinogenic risk at 81.08%, followed by trichloroethylene at 11.65%. Urban discharges, volatile organic compounds from chemical plants, insecticide use in forestry, and domestic wastewater discharge have severely contaminated Zhuzhou City's groundwater, resulting in unacceptable carcinogenic risks for local residents.