Shutdown accidents often occur when the shield machine is tunneling in complex strata. The monitoring results of existing related cases show that the shield shutdown will aggravate the impact on the surrounding strata, and even cause the deformation and instability of the excavation face. Based on the coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian (CEL) method, a numerical analysis model of the influence of shield tunnel shutdown was established, and the deformation law of the soil in front of the cutterhead under different soil chamber filling rates was studied. The results show that the surface subsidence results of numerical simulation are close to the measured data of monitoring points. When the filling rate is about 75%, the equivalent plastic strain in front of the excavation face and the vertical displacement change rate of the stratum are abruptly changed, indicating that 75% is the critical filling rate of the soil chamber to maintain the stability of the excavation face. In order to reduce the influence area of deep soil deformation in front of the excavation face when the shield is stopped, the filling rate of the soil chamber should be guaranteed when the shield is stopped, and the safety inspection distance of the shield before passing through the existing underground project should be increased.