In order to reduce the pollution of solid waste to the environment, and improve the utilization rate of solid waste to turn waste into treasure. The effects of fly ash, sludge and cement on the physical and chemical properties, mechanical properties and planting performance of the substrate were studied was used by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, and direct shear tests. The results show that the performance of planting soil with fly ash, sludge and cement is better than that of ordinary planting soil, and there is no toxic effect. When the particle size distribution of fly ash particles in the range of 0 ~ 30 μm accounts for more than 95%, the porosity between the microscopic particles of the substrate decreases. With the increase of fly ash, the EC increases linearly, planting performance is better and fly ash can prolong the green time of plant leaves. Adding sludge, spindle-shaped microorganisms are wrapped in gel material to form agglomerated particles. With the increase in sludge, the pH and internal friction angle decreased linearly, and the electrical conductance increased linearly. Cement hydration reduces the porosity of the substrate. With the increase of cement, the pH, cohesion, and internal friction angle of the substrate have a linear increase trend. The alkaline environment provided by cement is conducive to the fixation of heavy metals in sludge and fly ash. It is concluded that the use of fly ash, sludge and cement as base materials to replace part of the slope protection planting soil not only reduces environmental pollution and maximizes the use value according to its advantages, but also improves the landscape benefit and stability of ecological slope protection from physical and chemical properties, mechanical properties and plant properties.