The anti-corrosion maintenance workload of railway fasteners and bolts in China is large, and the cost of manual lubrication operation is high, the efficiency is low, and the labor intensity is high, and there are problems such as operation safety risks and ballast pollution. In order to solve this series of problems, an automatic lubrication device based on PLC (programmable logic controller) control that can automatically lubricate fasteners and bolts on railway tracks was developed to realize the efficiency, intelligence and automation of the construction process. Optimize the design of the equipment's traveling mechanism, lubrication system, fastener bolt identification and sensing device, control system, etc. The adjustable spraying structure was innovatively designed to realize the oil coating operation of different types of tracks, and the sensor device that can adapt to the change of the height and position of the rail fastener bolts was innovatively designed, so as to realize the accurate identification of the track fastener bolts with different height distribution. According to the characteristics of anti-rust grease, the quantitative atomization technology of the device was analyzed and optimized. Delta's DVP ES2-24MR PLC is connected to an external actuator, which processes data through the PLC to control the corresponding sensors in real time, and uses compensation algorithms to achieve accurate control of the equipment oil coating operation. The experiment shows that the automatic lubrication device shortens a large number of construction periods, solves the pollution phenomena such as inaccurate lubrication, oil dripping and wire pulling of the existing mechanical lubricating machine, and the device can effectively guarantee the quality and safety of the lubrication operation, effectively improve the construction efficiency and reduce the construction cost.