The drilling process requires real-time measurement of drill string vibration, which is crucial for drilling and downhole safety. However, the traditional power supply mode used for downhole vibration sensors has been found to increase drilling costs and reduce drilling efficiency. Therefore, sensors with self-powered capabilities are considered more suitable for practical conditions. A downhole arrayed self-powered deformable vibration sensor was proposed based on the principle of triboelectric nanogenerators. Experimental results demonstrate that the sensor synchronized measurements of amplitude and frequency. The vibration frequency is measured within a range of 0 Hz to 11 Hz, with a measurement error of less than ± 4%. Additionally, the sensor is able to measure three discrete amplitude values (10, 25, 40 mm) with a measurement error of ± 3 mm. The sensor can working normally within a temperature range of 0 ℃ to 85 ℃. Furthermore, the sensor has power generation capabilities, with experiments revealing a maximum output power of 8.3 × 10 ^-7 W. Notably, when multiple sensors are used in parallel, the power generation capacity is significantly enhanced. These research findings provide new insights for the development of downhole sensors and downhole generators.