Land use and traffic safety is a hot topic of mutual concern in the fields of urban geography and transportation. However, existing research on the impact of land use on pedestrian traffic accidents often incorporates a unified framework of built environment and mainly adopts measures such as land use mix or the proportion of land use types, lacking detailed analysis on land use types, thus making it difficult to translate their findings into actionable design strategies. Taking Yuzhong District, Chongqing City as an example, the land use types were finely characterized based on point of interest (POI) data, and the extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) model was applied to explore the nonlinear relationships between land use types, pedestrian, road conditions, road environment, and the severity of pedestrian traffic accidents. The study finds these as follows. ①Land use types play an important role in the severity of pedestrian traffic accidents, with hospitals, residential areas, and educational land being the most influential. The presence of hospitals, residential areas, and educational land within a 300-meter buffer zone around accident sites reduces the severity of pedestrian traffic accidents. ②Road sections with curved and sloped road alignments are high-risk areas for severe pedestrian traffic accidents; entrances and exits of road sections, narrow road sections, and intersections have a mitigating effect on the severity of pedestrian traffic accidents. The findings provide policy insights for refined land use planning and governance to reduce the severity of pedestrian traffic accidents.