Based on multi-source remote sensing data, statistical yearbook data, NPP-VIIRS (NPOESS preparatory project-visible infrared imaging radiometer) night light data and land use data, the spatial analysis of high temperature disasters in Hunan Province was carried out to reveal its impact on population, social economy and agriculture more accurately. Based on the historical meteorological and geographic information data of Hunan Province from 2015 to 2020, a high-temperature disaster risk assessment model based on four elements was constructed by comprehensively using four elements: disaster-causing factors, sensitivity of disaster-pregnant environment, vulnerability of disaster-bearing bodies, and disaster-bearing body's ability to resist and mitigate disasters. The risk assessment model of high temperature disaster based on four elements was constructed by comprehensively using four elements: meteorological elements, disaster-pregnant environment elements, vulnerability elements of disaster-bearing bodies and resilience elements of disaster-bearing bodies. The results show these as follows. Using the multiple linear regression model, the spatial distribution of GDP is carried out, and the linear correction is carried out, and the deviation between the results and the statistical value is 2.73%. Through the analysis of disaster-inducing environmental factors, it can be seen that high temperature disasters are more likely to occur in densely populated plain areas away from rivers. The risk of high temperature in Hunan Province from south to north presents a trend of "high-low-high", in which the high risk area is concentrated in the northeast of Hunan Province, that is, the north of Yueyang, and the second high risk area is concentrated in the north of Hunan Province and parts of Changsha.