Constructed wetlands, hailed as a promising approach for wastewater treatment, have garnered significant attention. Nonetheless, challenges persist, particularly concerning the suboptimal purification efficiency when handling rural sewage. Therefore, a tandem system integrating electroflotation, electrochemical oxidation, and constructed wetlands was developed, utilizing the effluent from the regulation pool of the Southwest Forestry University wastewater treatment plant as the research subject. The objective was to investigate the system's effectiveness in purifying rural wastewater and to analyze changes in bacterial community structure. The results show the E-CW system exhibits optimal performance in eliminating TP (total phosphorus), (orthophosphate), NH₄⁺-N (ammonia nitrogen), and TN (total nitrogen) at HRT (hydraulic retention time) of 120 h, achieving removal rates of 65.92%, 61.44%, 80.81%, and 71.27%, respectively. At an HRT of 96 h, the removal rate of COD (chemical oxygen demand) peaks at 82.92%, ensuring consistent compliance of the system's effluent quality with the standard. Proteobacteria, γ-Proteobacteria, and Gemmatimonadota are the major dominant bacteria at the phylum, class, and genus levels in the E-CW system. Redundancy analysis revealed that Acidobacteriota, Chloroflexi, Gemmatimonadota, Proteobacteria, and Bacteroidota played pivotal roles as major drivers for NH₄⁺-N, TN, TP, , and COD purification within the E-CW system. The Spearman analysis results indicate that a longer HRT (120 h) is beneficial for the enrichment of denitrifying bacteria in the system, promoting the degradation of nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants, and to some extent revealing the purification efficiency of the E-CW system. The research results can provide scientific basis and technical support for rural sewage purification.