Due to the poor cementation and low strength of shallow strata in deep water, reservoir instability and collapse are easy to occur in the process of shallow gas exploitation, which seriously restricts the production capacity of shallow gas. In order to understand the reservoir variation law during shallow gas production, the simulation experiments of different clay content, main control mining parameters and porosity were carried out to analyze the influencing factors of gas and water production. The results show that pressure sensitive effect and particle transport exist simultaneously. The permeability damage caused by the pressure sensitive effect near the wellbore is more serious. Under the premise of ensuring formation stability, a small degree of particle migration can increase pore connectivity over time, which has a positive effect on stable gas production and increased permeability. With the gas production, the water in the reservoir will also be carried and produced, and part of the irreducible water will be transformed into movable water. The conclusion can provide reference for sand control and stimulation of shallow gas wells in sea area.