To enhance the effective removal of pollutants in domestic wastewater by constructed wetlands, the coupling of constructed wetlands with artificial wetlands has become a research hotspot in recent years. By constructing a photocatalytic, electric field, and magnetic field coupled vertical flow constructed wetland, the removal effects of COD_cr, NH₄⁺-N, TP, and in wastewater were explored, and the composition features of microbial communities in each unit were analyzed. The results show that after adding photocatalysis, electric field, and magnetic field, the removal rates of CODcr, NH₄⁺-N, TP, and were 71.1%, 95.5%, 54.3%, and 52.4%, respectively, which can improve the removal effects of COD_cr and NH₄⁺-N. Compared with the ordinary constructed wetland, the removal rate of COD_cr can be increased by 8.6% ~ 22.4%, and the removal efficiency of NH₄⁺-N can be increased by 6.3% ~ 30.0%. However, the removal effects of TP and cannot be improved. The photocatalytic unit promotes the growth and metabolism of phototrophic microorganisms such as Cyanobacteria, Chloroflexi, Synechococcophycideae, and Chloronema, and enhances the activity of thermophilic microorganism Leptolyngbya. The electric and magnetic field units promote the growth and metabolism of denitrification and phosphorus removal microorganisms such as Proteobacteria, and enhance the activity of nitrification function bacteria Acinetobacter and Nitrospira. It can be seen that coupling the photocatalytic, electric field, and magnetic field units with the vertical flow constructed wetland can increase the abundance of photoautotrophic and denitrifying bacteria, enhance the removal effect of COD_cr and NH₄⁺-N, and the excessively high electric and magnetic field strength may affect the adsorption and sedimentation of phosphorus.