In order to study the influence of the external excitation frequency of the engine on the anti-resonance performance of the camshaft, ANSYS Workbench finite element analysis software was used to establish a parametric model of the camshaft of a diesel engine. The first 8 order vibration frequency and vibration mode of the camshaft were obtained by modal analysis. Based on the stress-strength interference theory of mechanical reliability, according to the relationship between the natural frequency of the structure, the external excitation frequency and the specified threshold value between them, the quasi-failure probability expression of the system based on multiple failure modes can be derived. The frequency reliability evaluation method was used to evaluate the reliability of the camshaft. The analysis results show that the frequency reliability of the camshaft meets the design requirements. Combined with the actual working conditions, the environmental assessment test of the whole machine bench was carried out in the full speed range, and the frequency reliability evaluation theory and optimization design effect were verified. On this basis, a method to avoid the resonance failure of the camshaft was proposed, which can provide support for the study of the anti-resonance performance of the camshaft.