Design of Kronecker Product Controllable Beamformer Based on Rectangular Array

Yang LIU , Jing-yu ZHAO , Chuan-ying ZHANG , Fan-liang BU

Science Technology and Engineering ›› 2024, Vol. 24 ›› Issue (32) : 13862 -13871.

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Science Technology and Engineering ›› 2024, Vol. 24 ›› Issue (32) : 13862-13871 DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2400973
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Design of Kronecker Product Controllable Beamformer Based on Rectangular Array
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Abstract

To address the limitations of conventional linear array beamformers, such as their single functionality and poor signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) gain, a controllable beamforming method for rectangular arrays was proposed. The method was based on the Kronecker product principle, where a rectangular array was decomposed into two virtual linear sub-arrays for analysis. The steering vector of the rectangular array was represented as the Kronecker product of the steering vectors of the two virtual sub-arrays. A differential virtual sub-array with controllable nulls was then designed by utilizing the orthogonality between the beamforming filter and the steering vector. The second virtual sub-array was designed using a delay-sum beamformer (DS) and a superdirective beamformer (SD). The two virtual sub-arrays were then integrated to create a high-gain, null-controllable beamformer and a high-directivity, null-controllable beamformer based on a rectangular array. Simulation experiments analyzed the beam patterns, white noise gain (WNG), and directivity factor (DF) of the rectangular array and the two virtual linear sub-arrays. The results show that the proposed beamformer achieves controllable nulls and significantly improves the SNR gain compared to a single virtual sub-array. It is suggested that this approach be applied in scenarios where high-gain and high-directivity beamforming are required.

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differential beamforming / microphone array / Kronecker product / beamformer

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Yang LIU, Jing-yu ZHAO, Chuan-ying ZHANG, Fan-liang BU. Design of Kronecker Product Controllable Beamformer Based on Rectangular Array. Science Technology and Engineering, 2024, 24(32): 13862-13871 DOI:10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2400973

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