According to the migration law of ore-forming elements in metal mines, copper ions migrate from ore body to soil and are absorbed by covered vegetation, resulting in increased heavy metal content in vegetation leaves, which causes spectral changes in vegetation leaves under stress. Hyperspectral remote sensing spectral characteristic analysis method was used to analyze the spectral characteristics of vegetation leaves under heavy metal stress and study the spectral changes under copper ion stress. The spectral resolution of hyperspectral remote sensing has the ability of fine detection of high-precision ground objects, and it is highly sensitive to the change of spectral characteristics of vegetation under heavy metal stress. The spectral characteristics of pomelo leaves in mining area and background area were quantitatively analyzed by using four indexes of spectral waveform characteristics, red edge position index, chlorophyll and water absorption characteristics, and vegetation index characteristics, and the spectral variation characteristics under copper ion stress were analyzed. The results show that there are significant differences in waveforms, red edge position, chlorophyll, water absorption and vegetation index of pomelo leaves under copper stress compared with the background area.