With the increasing global energy demand and the aggravation of environmental pollution, geothermal energy has attracted considerable attention as a clean and renewable form of energy. However, corrosion and scaling of geothermal water has always been a major problem in the development of geothermal energy, and it is also one of the main factors restricting its application. Corrosion can lead to pipe leaks, expensive repairs, and possibly equipment failure. Scaling blocks the flow of water or reduces the efficiency of heat transfer, leading to increased energy costs. Therefore, it is important to extend the service life of the equipment and ensure the stable operation of the geothermal energy utilization system, understanding the corrosion characteristics and scaling composition of geothermal water, selecting appropriate corrosion resistant materials and maintenance technologies, extending the service life of equipment. Firstly, the characteristics of corrosion and scaling in the development of geothermal water were described. Secondly, the water quality characteristics of geothermal water and the research methods of corrosion and scaling trend prediction were summarized. Finally, by analyzing the characteristics of pipeline corrosion and scaling caused by several important factors (high temperature, CO₂, dissolved oxygen, Cl ^-, H₂S) that affect the corrosion of geothermal well pipe network, the mechanism of corrosion and scaling was summarized. It is supposed to provide some reference for the development and utilization of geothermal energy.