Based on RUSLE model, the spatial distribution characteristics of soil erosion in Each month in Anhui province were quantitatively analyzed to understand the risk period of soil erosion in Anhui Province, and to discuss the relationship between soil erosion and vegetation, rainfall and land use types. The results show as follows. The soil erosion in Anhui Province was severe in March, with an average erosion modulus of 123.31 t/(km²·month) and a total erosion of 1.63 × 10⁷ t/month. Soil erosion was weak in July, with an average erosion modulus of 24.32 t/(km²·month) and a total erosion of 3.21 × 10⁶ t/month. The intensity of soil erosion in Each month in Anhui province is mainly micro-erosion, and the area of micro-erosion in each period accounts for more than 75% of the total erosion area. Moderate and above soil erosion mainly occurred in the hills and mountains of southern Anhui and dabie Mountains of western Anhui. The total amount of erosion in southern and western Anhui accounted for more than 84% of the total amount of erosion in each month. In March, the mean erosion modulus in western and southern Anhui reaches 251.50 t /(km²·month) and 408.89 t/(km²·month), respectively. In the future, it is necessary to strengthen the governance of dabie mountain in western Anhui and the hilly and mountainous areas in southern Anhui, appropriately increase the plant species diversity in mountain areas and reduce soil loss.