In order to study the influence of dynamic recovery process of retaining structure deformation on the interior deformation of soil, the influence law of deformation mode, deformation process and other factors on the interior deformation of soil outside the pit was explored by using transparent soil technology and self-designed model test box. The interior deformation characteristics of soil under different conditions under two deformation modes were comprehensively analyzed by using particle image velocimetry technology. The results show that: under the same total deformation, the control at 2/3 of the total deformation can effectively improve the recovery effect of soil deformation outside the pit. The residual settlement of the inner convex type is greater than that of the cantilever type, and the cantilever type's maximum horizontal deformation value location develops to the deep of the soil, while the inner convex type's maximum horizontal deformation value location develops to the shallow of the soil. In the dynamic recovery process of retaining structure deformation, the recovery effect is better in the early stage of the recovery stage, and gradually weakens in the subsequent stage.