When designing the maintenance task process model for civil aircraft, the main focus is the sequential problem in the maintenance and disassembly process. Still, there is a lack of analysis of the maintenance resource allocation problem. An NSGA-II-based coloring Petri net maintenance resource allocation method was proposed to improve maintenance efficiency and reduce the maintenance cost of the civil aircraft maintenance task process. The technique used the coloured Petri net tool to build a maintenance task process model to visualize the maintenance process, which enabled the maintenance task designer to analyze the whole maintenance process and determine the maintenance sequence and the subordination of maintenance resources. Secondly, a multi-objective optimization model was established to maximize maintenance efficiency and minimize maintenance cost, which was solved by the NSGA-II algorithm for the optimal maintenance process and to realize the optimal allocation of maintenance resources for maintenance tasks. The effectiveness of this method was verified through the maintenance task disassembly example of the atmospheric data module, which could avoid the repeated allocation of resources, improve the efficiency of the maintenance task process, and reduce the maintenance cost. The method has high practicality and reference value in practical application.