Reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) has been utilized in numerous road projects. However, considering safety and service life, further in-depth investigation is required into the road performance of high dosage RAP hot-mix/warm-mix recycled asphalt mixtures under traffic loads. To investigate this, indoor tests and mathematical analysis were employed to examine the impact of design parameters, including the waste cooking oil (WCO) content, RAP dosage, and mixing method, on the road performance of recycled asphalt mixtures. The results indicate that in most cases, the VMA of R-100RAP mixes exceeds 14%, and the VV exceeds 3%. Moreover, both the VV and VMA of asphalt mixtures with 60% RAP content, 10% WCO, and 1.0% asphalt fall within specified ranges. Additionally, the split strength ratios of the majority of R-100RAP, R-80RAP, W-80RAP, and R-60RAP mixes surpass 80%, indicating excellent resistance to water damage. The addition of WCO proves beneficial in enhancing the water damage resistance of recycled asphalt mixtures. Although the rutting resistance of the W-80RAP asphalt mixture was inferior to that of the recycled asphalt mixtures containing R-80RAP and R-60RAP, all three exhibited commendable rutting resistance. When comparing the performance of W-80RAP and R-60RAP, it is observed that W-80RAP exhibits a smaller phase angle and a larger stiffness value, indicating better aging resistance. In order to maximise performance and facilitate the effective building of high dosage RAP hot-mix/warm-mix recycled asphalt mixes, the research provides a theoretical framework.