The rod of a fire drive production well in Xinjiang oilfield is seriously corroded, and there are many corrosion pits on the surface. In order to find out the cause of rod corrosion failure, the metallographic structure and physical and chemical properties of the failed rod were tested and analyzed, and the corrosion characteristics were analyzed by scanning electron microscope, energy spectrometer and X-ray diffraction analysis, and the failure causes were found out combined with the service conditions of the rod. The results show that the chemical composition, metalloid structure and inclusions of the D-class rod meet the standard requirements of the rod. The rod has only been in service for 1 year and 8 months and its diameter has decreased from 19 mm to 16 mm, the average corrosion rate is 1.796 mm/a, and the maximum surface corrosion pit depth is 2.1 mm. The surface of the rod is mainly attached with FeCO₃, FeS and CaCO₃. It is judged that the rod is corroded by CO₂/H₂S and underscale corrosion caused by high salinity produced water. At the same time, a large amount of Cl ^- in the produced liquid promotes the development of pitting pits. It is recommended to inject corrosion and scale inhibitor into production wells with temperature lower than 50 ℃, pH value between 6 and 8, and formation water belonging to high calcium and high chlorine to protect the D-class rod and extend the service life of the rod.