A DV-Hop localization algorithm based on multi-communication radius and improved Archimedes optimization algorithm was proposed to address the problem of significant deviation of unknown nodes between the estimated position and the actual position in traditional DV-Hop algorithm. Firstly, the method of multi-communication radius for anchor nodes was adopted to reduce the error of unknown nodes in selecting the minimum number of hops. Then, improvements were made to the three steps of the Archimedes algorithm to improve its performance. Finally, the unknown nodes' coordinates were obtained using improved Archimedes algorithm. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm has better localization performance in the same environment.