In order to study the prevention and control of power disaster induced by coal mining process, Brazilian splitting test of raw coal specimen was carried out to study the energy evolution law in the process of coal body tensile damage destruction, and the precursor information of coal body destabilization and destruction was identified. The results show that the coal body tensile damage process has significant nonlinear evolution characteristics, and it is possible to identify the critical point, destabilization point, and damage point of coal body damage. The energy evolution characteristics of coal body tensile damage in each stage are significantly different. In the elastic deformation stage, the input energy is mainly converted into elastic energy, and the dissipation energy remains stable, while in the destabilization stage, the dissipation-elasticity ratio shows a jumping growth. By calculating the energy release rate and energy dissipation rate, it is found that the index has abnormal response characteristics at the critical point, destabilization point and damage point of the coal body tensile process, and the appearance of the characteristic points all have significant precursor information. The nature of coal destabilization is the result of energy accumulation and dissipation, and the energy index of coal body can reveal the abnormal characteristics of energy evolution in the process of damage and destruction of the specimen, and identify the precursor information of coal body catastrophe, which is conducive to the over-warning, and escort for the safe mining of coal.