1g shaking table test refers to the shaking table test carried out under conventional gravity conditions, which is the mainstream type of shaking table test at present. A distinction was made between strict similarity models and strain distortion models, primarily utilizing the control equation method with supplementary dimensional analysis. The similarity relationships between these models and the prototype during different deformation stages in rock slope 1g shaking table tests were theoretically derived, and the key parameters required to achieve similarity between the model and the prototype were established. Numerical tests were conducted to verify and evaluate the established similarity relationships for different deformation stages, considering the inherent vibration characteristics and dynamic response characteristics of rock slopes. The results indicate that both strict similarity models and strain distortion models can accurately calculate the natural vibration characteristics of the prototype slope and the dynamic response characteristics during the elastic deformation stage under seismic loads. However, for large deformation issues, it is recommended that the strain similarity ratio be close to or equal to 1. These research findings provide valuable references for the design of similarity relationships and the selection of similarity models in 1g shaking table tests for rock slopes.