In order to quickly and accurately detect the internal defects and diseases of asphalt pavement, so as to take maintenance or other treatment measures in time to ensure road driving safety. At the same time, in order to promote the development of nondestructive testing technology for hidden diseases and defects in asphalt pavement, the existing nondestructive testing technology for internal defects of asphalt pavement was reviewed. The basic principles of ground penetrating radar, its application in asphalt pavement detection, the intelligent identification of ground penetrating radar spectrum, the detection principle of ultrasonic detection technology, the study of the attenuation law of ultrasonic wave and its application and research in the detection of internal defects in pavement were reviewed, the detection principle of infrared thermal imaging technology, nuclear densitometer, nuclear-free densitometer and Rayleigh wave method and the application and research in the detection of internal defects in asphalt pavement were summarized. The types of detection defects, advantages and disadvantages were discussed, and the existing problems and future development directions of each detection technology were discussed, so as to provide a reference and basis for the further application and research of nondestructive testing technology for internal defects of asphalt pavement.