Double nut locking is a common type of bolt locking in engineering. Different tightening torque ratio has different influence on the loosening process and locking effect. By comparing the energy dissipation capabilities of single-nut and double-nut joints through lateral vibration tests, as well as experimentally comparing the experimental and theoretical results of the pre-tensioning force of double-nut bolts under different tightening torque ratios, a refined finite element model considering threads was established for the bolted joints subjected to transverse loading. Various aspects of the influence of torque ratios on the loosening process of bolted joints were analyzed, including changes in bolt clamping force, hysteresis curve, stiffness degradation coefficient, energy dissipation capabilities, thread contact status, and bolt plastic deformation. The influence laws were comprehensively compared, and the optimal torque ratio for tightening was determined. It is helpful to optimize the design of double nut bolts, improve the anti-loosening effect of double nut bolts, and lay a foundation for the subsequent research and application.