In order to obtain the relationship between the heat recovery characteristics of the CO₂ plume geothermal system and different influencing factors, a three-dimensional geometric model was established and the COMSOL Multiphysics software was used to conduct numerical simulations to further explore the effects of wellbore diameter, injection-production well spacing, reservoir permeability, initial porosity, and natural fracture length on the heat recovery characteristics of the CO₂ plume geothermal system. The simulation results show that under the control variable method, the heat extraction rate of the plume geothermal system increases first and then decreases with the increase of the wellbore diameter, the heat extraction rate increases with the increase of heat storage permeability and injection-production well spacing, the initial porosity increases, the heat storage permeability becomes better, and the heat extraction rate increases. It can be seen that the results of this study provide a basis for optimizing the heat recovery performance of CO₂ plume geothermal system, and guide the extraction of deep geothermal energy.