To improve the emergency response capability and rescue speed of a region, a vulnerability analysis method was proposed for civil aviation emergency rescue stations based on the theory of complex networks. Firstly, a vulnerability evaluation index system for aviation emergency rescue stations was constructed, and specific analysis indicators were divided into three categories: quantitative calculation indicators obtained directly through data collection, qualitative evaluation indicators obtained through fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, and network characteristic indicators calculated using Pajek tool. Secondly, decision making trial and evaluation laboratory(DEMATEL) was used to estimate the weights of each evaluation indicator. Finally, the grayscale correlation analysis method was used to comprehensively evaluate the vulnerability index of each node. The existing transportation airport layout case in a certain region was analyzed. The results show that on the basis of fully considering the construction conditions of the selected airport's own emergency rescue, the proposed method takes into account the complementarity and synergy among airports in the rescue network, providing an efficient and reliable evaluation and analysis method for future research on the location of aviation emergency rescue stations.